We were taught in the school that Mesopotomia (in Iraq of today) was the Cradle of Civilization. Now we know it is not the oldest of all civilizations.
In 1974, a group of archaeologists unearthed precious evidences in Mehrgarh (in Indus Valley, Pakistan of today) that people lived in opulence and style there, making it as the Oldest of Civilizations dating back to 7000 BC.
Who were the people of Mehrgarh?
I opine that these were the earliest people who migrated out of Africa.
Anthropologists and Biologists say that about 50,000 years ago, there started the Human Migration out of Africa (from the Great Rift Valley around Lake Victoria where humans evolved from the progenitors of monkey about two million years ago) via the so-called Southern Route: From Africa, to present day Yemen, to Omen, to Iran, to Pakistan, to India, to Burma, to Malaysia to Indonesia and finally to Australia. The journey could have taken hundreds of years to complete.
Whereever there were cozy environments, many of the families stayed back and started to live in large communities along this Southern Route. It appears that these people chose Indus Valley for their settlement, and the Indus Valley Civilization started to emerge and flourish from 7000 BC till 1500 BC.
The present day Pakistanis are NOT the original people of the Mehrgarh, Mohanjedaro or Harrappa - the major centers of Indus Valley Civilization.
The original people were the present day high melanin pigmented Dravidians who now live in most of South India, including Chennai in Tamil Nadu.: If you bring together 100 Kenyans, 100 Dravidians of South India and 100 Australian Aboriginals, they will all look very much alike.. these are the same people who took the Southern Route of Human Migration out of Africa.
Then who are light skinned people of the present day Yemen, Omen, Iran, Pakistan, India, Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia and Australia?
There started a Northern Route of Human Migration out of Africa sometime AFTER the Southern Route of Migration mentioned above. They took the route via Egypt, Turkey, then towards Europe and Asia; from Asia via Bering Sea towards North America and then to South America.
These people started to lose the melanin pigment because there was no need for them in colder and milder climate. This was a biological adaptation for the new environment and the need for more Vitamin D. These are the present day "Light Skinned or White People".
Historians say that around 1500 BC, some of these "White People" started moving down towards South inhabiting part of Egypt, all of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Omen, Iran, Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia. As most people know Australia was a colony of Great Britain, one of the mightiest Colonial Powers of the near past.
About the Light Skinned People (Aryans) of British India, later....
The white skinned people are descendants of African albinos and Dravidian Blacks, hence their appearance. Albinism has a high occurrence around 5 % in some African countries such as Tanzania. The area around Tanzania which is olduvai gorge is considered to be one of the earliest homo sapiens organized settlement dating 16000 BC. So there you go, white people did not turn into because of colder climate, they chose colder climate because their skin couldn't handle the heat.
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